Dedicated to the proposition that the Great Pyramid is a rational (in the mathematical sense) structure, designed and built by normal people.

This is a radical statement about the Pyramid, especially on the internet because all web pages that I have been able to find that deal with the Pyramid, maintain that it was built and/or inspired by either God or space aliens. Most don't even consider that it could be a rational structure designed and built by normal people.

I became bored and restless in retirement. I needed a big project to be involved in. I happened on Peter Tompkins "Secrets Of The Great Pyramid" one day and I was hooked. I spent four frustrating years figuring away in Basic and Lotus 123 spread sheets on an IBM XT computer. I would fool myself that I was making progress in figuring out the mathematics behind the Pyramid but I never had any thing that I could prove.

The break through finally came after I was able to spend some time at the Library of Congress in the History of.Mathematics section. This is where I began to learn about the ways the ancient Egyptian did mathematics. This knowledge and computer spread sheets finally gave me results that I could prove (to my satisfaction at least) and others could use my methods to verify my result.

I was asked by a friendly professor in 1991 to deliver a paper on my work to his descriptive geometry class at College of the Redwoods in northern California. I wrote up my paper using Ventura Publishing and delivered it, and got an enthusiastic response from the students.

At the urging of other I have finally translated the paper from Ventura to HTML. Some of the illustrations got a little fuzzy in the translation and I will correct that in the future. The main point I want to make is,in the five years since I wrote the paper I have been able to substantiate all the results, on much more powerful computers and software (especially Mathcad 4.0)

You could read the paper and just accept my numbers or take a calculator and a blank spread sheet to verify as you go along.

Some people have demanded that I send them a complete drawing (with all the lengths and angles) of what I consider was the original dimensions of the Great Pyramid. There are many interesting things that I would prefer to leave off the web and save for my book. So the pictures below is the only summary of my work I will give, for now.  (They are in the new .png format, for faster loading.)

To fully understand the above information you will also need the picture below. It shows some subtle details, typical to each side. Because of the equal angles many surfaces are mirror reflections .

 
 

I am now searching for a publisher to get a book out on my research, so I will not give detailed explanation of any of the insights. But there is enough information here and in the paper for anybody into mathematics to fully reconstruct my work. Anyone with math questions e-mail me. I will answer promptly.  Other questions will be answered slowly.

The millennium has come.   It's about time we understood the Great Pyramid!

• I now understand the unfinished pyramid with the eye on top on our one dollar bill. I think George Washington and other masons knew that it was a symbol for starting and maintaining a nation, but they did not know it's real mathematical meaning. The "key" for people who have read the above paper is that it is not 479 feet 11 and 15/16 inches but 479 and 191/192 feet (they are equal). Converting 191/192 to Egyptian fractions and then into hieroglyphic give the answer (Hint: 191/192 = 63/64 + 1/(128-32)). Plato seems to have understood the true meaning of all this, (see Plato, Laws 7, 819)
• For a taste of how the Egyptians "used" the eye click on image.

• The story about the Tower of Babel seem to be about the pharaoh climbing up the unfinished pyramid and supervising some subtle moves on the stones of the king's chamber and thus making the chamber a steep sided truncated pyramid that if raised to its full height would raise miles into the air (he shot the arrow!). But since he didn't use Egyptian fractions in this maneuver when he tried to explain it to the priest, it sounded like babble. To see how steep sided it was, study a triangle with sides of 915, 682 and 610 which I found in the king's chamber. I'm amazed by this triangle, this would make Pythagoras turn over in his grave. If anyone knows of other triangles like this please E-mail me.

• I was perplexed by the fact that over 100,000 people worked on the Pyramid, yet the mathematics in the design remained a secret for so long. I now know that they did it with a tall pole mounted near the center of the unfinished Pyramid (see page 132 of Tompkin's book for an illustration). With ropes tied to this pole the regular workers could position stones accurately but have no idea of the math behind it. I believe this is where the May pole festival.started. You can find the size and position of this pole by using Cole's survey and finding the centers of 4 circles. The first drawn through the NW, NE and SE corners, the next through NE, SE and SW corners, the next through SE, SW and NW corners and finally the SW, NW and NE corners. The centers show about a 7 inch pole that the whole pyramid was based on. It is the intersection of four circles that define the corners. It also shows why the Pyramid could not be square. A mysterious line has just (3/97) been found.

• The peace sign came from the pyramid (remember Bertrand Russel said it was an ancient symbol). It's a representation of the sun on the south face about 8 miles away.
• 

• And the final irony -- it's name betrays it's secret, pyro--middle --- fire in the middle --- the sun reflecting off the highly polished south face (that it was polished is well documented and remember the faces were indented) thus:
  ----the world's first solar telescope!---
  -
  (This is my best attempt yet, at rendering just one posible view, using the Pyramid as a telescope.)
  Two suns are seen because, according to my model, the south indentation causes one face to reflects one half of a degree (actually 27' 50") differently than the other one. And 1/2 degree is about the same as the diameter of the sun (max 32' 30").

• I believe Akanaten started the worship of the sun because of this.

Recent findings on the cubit
Information on the Royal Cubit I found in my work (length 523.33mm)
There is an interesting relationship between the Royal Cubit and the foot. I found that 7 Royal Cubits is essentialy equal to 12 feet. (it is actually 12 feet plus .2238 inches )

So her is what it comes down to. I put forth proof that:

Four 'unit fraction expressions' match the surveyed lengths and angles better than the 14,400 others I have tied. I then use those 4 expressions to develop a mathematical model that has some very interesting features. This is my best guess at what the original design of the Great Pyramid was.

What I expected when I put it all on the web was:

1. A debate would start

2. Others would come forward with other mathematical models.

3. Eventually every body would agree on what the true model of the Great Pyramid was.

All I ever wanted was to be part of that debate. But what I have found, is that most of the people who even know what a mathematical model is, have an aversion to anything about the Great Pyramid.

So I am in the perplexing position of saying, I have the best model for the Great Pyramid in the world, just because nobody has come forward with another. (another that is, that matches Cole's survey)

EXTRA STUFF

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